The World War II period of relocation and the post-War termination era of the 1950s led to the activism of the 1960s and 1970s that saw the takeover of the BIA’s headquarters and resulted in the creation of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975. citizenship and the right to vote, and the New Deal and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 established modern tribal governments. The General Allotment Act of 1887 opened tribal lands west of the Mississippi to non-Indian settlers, the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted American Indians and Alaska Natives U.S. Over the years, the BIA has been involved in the implementation of Federal laws that have directly affected all Americans. The BIA has changed dramatically over the past 185 years, evolving as Federal policies designed to subjugate and assimilate American Indians and Alaska Natives have changed to policies that promote Indian self-determination.įor almost 200 years, dating back to the role it played in negotiating treaty agreements between the United States and tribes in the late 18th and 19th centuries, the BIA has embodied the trust and government-to-government relationships between the U.S. Since its inception in 1824, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has been both a witness to and a principal player in the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes and Alaska Native villages. He is besides, though a little vain & silly, a bird of courage, and would not hesitate to attack a grenadier of the British Guards who should presume to invade his farm yard with a red coat on.The Bureau of Indian Affairs’ mission is to enhance the quality of life, to promote economic opportunity, and to carry out the responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian tribes and Alaska Natives. For the truth the Turkey is in comparison a much more respectable bird, and withal a true original native of America. I am on this account not displeased that the figure is not known as a Eagle, but looks more like a Turkey. He is therefore by no means a proper emblem for the brave and honest Cincinnati of America who have driven all the King birds from our country. Besides he is a rank coward: The little King Bird not bigger than a Sparrow attacks him boldly and drives him out of the district. You may have seen him perched on some dead tree near the river, where, too lazy to fish for himself, he watches the labor of the Fishing Hawk and when that diligent Bird has at length taken a fish, and is bearing it to his nest for the support of his mate and young ones, the Eagle pursues him and takes it from him. With all this injustice, he is never in good case but like those among men who live by sharping & robbing he is generally poor and often very lousy. "For my own part I wish the Eagle had not been chosen the representative of our country. In a letter to his daughter, Benjamin Franklin wrote: What publications did Benjamin Franklin author? So he cut the lenses from both pairs in half, then put half of each lens in a single frame, inventing bifocals. He loved to read and grew tired of switching between two pairs of glasses-one that helped him to see things close, another to see things farther away. Bifocals: Ben’s vision deteriorated as he grew older.Franklin stove: In 1741, Ben invented the Franklin stove, an iron furnace that allowed people to heat their homes safely while using less wood.He later developed swim fins to reduce what he called a "laborious and fatiguing operation." With one on each hand, he paddled through water, observing that they helped him to swim faster. As a boy, he fashioned two oval wooden palettes with thumb holes. Swim fins: An avid swimmer, Ben developed early swim fins.Benjamin Franklin’s long list of inventions includes bifocals, the lightning rod, the glass armonica, a library chair, swim fins, a long-reach device, the Franklin stove, and the catheter.
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